What are the processes in semant

What are the processes in semantic change?
【正确答案】：There are present mainly three processes of semantic change: semantic broadening, semantic narrowing, semantic shift.
Semantic broadening refers to the process in which the meaning of a word becomes more general or inclusive than its historically earlier denotation.
An example of semantic broadening is the modern use of the word “dog”. Its meaning was broadened to encompass all breeds of canine animals.
Semantic narrowing is the reverse process in which the meaning of a word becomes less general or inclusive than its historically earlier meaning.
For example, the word “deer” was used earlier to refer to any animal, but its modern reference has been narrowed down to only a specific specific species.
Semantic shift is a process of semantic change in which a word loses its former meaning and acquires a new, sometimes related, meaning.