Questions and Answers：Give a bri

Questions and Answers：Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Nathaniel Hawthorne's view of man and human history originates, to a great extent, in Puritanism. What are the effects of Puritanism on Hawthorne?
【正确答案】：

A. HAWTHORNE HAD PURITAN ANCESTORS AND HE BELIEVED THAT “THE WRONG DOING OF ONE GENERATION LIVES INTO THE SUCCESSIVE ONES,” AND OFTEN WONDERED IF HE MIGHT HAVE INHERITED SOME OF THEIR GUILT. THIS SENSIBILITY LED TO HIS UNDERSTANDING OF EVIL BEING AT THE VERY CORE OF HUMAN LIFE, WHICH IS THE TYPICAL OF THE CALVINISTIC BELIEF THAT HUMAN BEINGS ARE DEPRAVED AND CORRUPTED, HENCE, THEY SHOULD OBEY GOD TO ATONE FOR THEIR SINS.
B. HAWTHORNE IS ATTRACTED IN EVERY WAY TO THE PURITAN WORLD, EVEN THOUGH HE CONDEMNS ITS LESS HUMAN MANIFESTATIONS. ON THE ONE HAND, IT PROVIDES HIM WITH A SUBJECT, AND ON THE OTHER, WITH THE PURITAN WORLD OR SOCIETY AS A HISTORICAL BACKGROUND, HE DISCUSSES SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ISSUES THAT CONCERN THE MORAL LIFE OF MAN AND HUMAN HISTORY.

【题目解析】：A.霍桑的祖先是清教徒，他相信“一代人的错误行为会延续到下一代人”，并常常怀疑自己是否继承了他们的一些罪行。这种情感导致了他对邪恶存在于人类生活核心的理解，这是加尔文主义信仰的典型特征，即人类是颓败和堕落的，因此他们应该服从上帝来赎罪。B.霍桑在各个方面都被清教徒的世界所吸引，尽管他谴责了这个世界不那么人性化的表现。一方面，这个世界为他提供了一个主题，另一方面，以清教世界或社会为历史背景，他讨论了一些最重要的问题，这些问题涉及人类的道德生活和人类历史。